#NORMAL PUPIL SIZE CHART DRIVER#
#NORMAL PUPIL SIZE CHART FULL#

All participants had implanted bilaterally a monofocal spherical intraocular lens (RayOne Spheric, Rayner Intraocular Lenses Limited, West Sussex, UK) by the same surgeon. Patients attending a routine eye exam in the Ophthalmology Clinic Vista Sanchez Trancon (Badajoz, Spain) were selected for the study. Furthermore, to our knowledge, there is no available formula, in the literature, describing the pupil diameter behavior of pseudophakic eyes for a range of object distances, as previously described for phakic subjects. Adding this fact to the smaller pupil size observed under monocular viewing conditions compared to the most common binocular conditions, suggests that pupil size should be assessed under more natural conditions.

#NORMAL PUPIL SIZE CHART DRIVER#

This finding contrasts with a previous study reporting no systematic variation in proximal miosis in a similar population when measured in monocular viewing conditions, adding evidence to the importance of convergence as a driver for proximal pupil miosis.

#NORMAL PUPIL SIZE CHART FULL#

reported an average pupil decrease of 0.24 mm / D of stimulus vergence, in different age groups, including full presbyopes. There are some important limitations in this approach with respect to visual assessment conditions since it accounts for neither binocularity nor object distance. Studies assessing the effect of pupil size in pseudophakic visual performance tend to use a single measure of the pupil size performed monocularly with a pupillometer.

These results support the importance of distance pupil size measurement for the prediction of visual performance in pseudophakia, while suggesting that proximal miosis has a negligible impact in VA variability. When mean distance pupil was considered, proximal miosis individual variability produced a variation of 0.04 logMAR for the near object and negligible variation for the distant object. The visual acuity (VA) estimation for a distant object ranged from − 0.1 logMAR (smallest pupil) to 0.04 logMAR (largest pupil) and the near VA ( 0.33 m) when mean proximal miosis was considered ranged from 0.28 logMAR (smallest pupil) to 0.42 logMAR (largest pupil). The mean infinite distance pupil size (intercept) was 4.45 ( 95 % CI: 2.74, 6.17) mm and the mean proximal miosis (slope) was − 0.23 ( 95 % CI: −0.53, 0.08) mm/D. Age was found to have a small contribution to individual variability.

The effects of object distance and age on pupil size variation were investigated using linear mixed effects regression models. In total, 58 pseudophakic participants were enrolled in this study (age mean ± standard deviation: 70.5 ± 11.3 years). A binocular eye-tracker was used to measure the participants’ pupil sizes at six object distances, ranging from 0.33 m (i.e., vergence of 3.00 D) to 3.00 m (i.e., vergence of 0.33 D), while observing a Maltese cross with a constant angular size of 1 ∘.

Furthermore, the impact of the measured values on eye optical quality was investigated using a computer simulation model. In this work, the range of pupil sizes at varying object distance was measured in pseudophakic participants. Thus, individual anatomical features such as the pupil size play an important role in achieving functional vision levels. The pseudophakic eye lacks the ability to produce a refractive change in response to object proximity.

Normal pupil size chart